| INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION The Indus Valley Divination was at its peak from the 3rd till the middle of the 2nd millennium BC, Discovered in 1922, Moenjodaro (in Sindh province) was once a metropolis of great importance, forming part of the Indus Valley Civilization with great importance, forming part of the Indus Valley Civilization with Harappa (discovered in 1923 in Punjab province), Kot Diji (Sindh) and recently discovered i Mehr Gath (Balochistan). Moenjodaro is considered as one of the most spectacular ancient cities of the world. It had mud and baked bricks buildings an elaborate covered drainage system, large state granary, a spacious pillared hall, a college of Priests, a palace and a citadel. Harappa, another major city of the Indus Valley Civilization, was surrounded by a massive brick wall fortification. Other features and plan of the city were similar to that Moenjodaro. The Kot Diji culture is marked by well-made pottery and houses built of mud-bricks and stone foundations. Mehr Garth, the oldest Civilization (7,000 B.C), remain of which were found in the districts Kachhi of Balochistan recently, was the pioneer of the indus Valley Civilization. The evidence of crop cultivation, animal husbandry and human settlements have found here. the inhabitant of Mehr Garth were living in mud-brick houses and learned to make pottery around 6,000 B.C |
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GANDAHARA Gandhara region had once been the hallowed center of Buddhism, the cradle of the world famous Ganhara Sculpture, culture, art and learing. The archaeological remains found in Taxila, Peshawar, Charsadda, Takht, Bhai, Swat and rock carving along the ancient Silk Road (KKH) have well recorded the history of Gandhara. Lying in Haro river valley near Islamabad, Taxila, the main center of Gandhara, is over 3,000 year old. Taxila has attracted of the great conqueror, Alexander in 327 B.C., When it was a province of the powerful Achaemenian Empire. It later came under the Maurian dynasty and reached a remarked matured level of development under the great Ashoks. Then appeared the IndoGreek descendants of Alexander's warriors and finally came the most creative period of Gandara. The kushan dynasty was established in about 50 AD. During the next 200 years, Taxila, Peshawar and Swat became a renewed center of learning to Gandhara from as far as China and Greece. In 5th century AD, the White Hunza snuffed out the last of the successive civilization that held unbroken sway in this region for several centuries. |
